Ampyx Cyber Blog

The Intersection of Regulation & Resilience

Protocol Converters: The 2023 SAR Just Got Validated (Again)
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

Protocol Converters: The 2023 SAR Just Got Validated (Again)

The 2023 NERC SAR asked whether protocol converters belong inside CIP-002. A new disclosure of 22 CVEs in serial-to-Ethernet hardware, set against a decade of advisories across the category, settles the question. The categorization debate now has its empirical record, and asset owners have CIP-007 R2 and CIP-013 work to do that does not wait for the standard.

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Funded, Not Secured: The April 20 DPA Determinations & the Bulk Electric System
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

Funded, Not Secured: The April 20 DPA Determinations & the Bulk Electric System

Two April 20 Defense Production Act determinations expand domestic capacity for grid components and large-scale energy infrastructure. Neither addresses cybersecurity. For the electric sector, NERC CIP and Order 693 standards still apply. A practitioner's view of intersections with CIP-013, CIP-014, PRC, FAC, and TPL, and why domestic capacity is not domestic assurance.

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Claude Mythos and the OT Threat Horizon: What Utility Operators Need to Know Now
Deep Dive Patrick Miller Deep Dive Patrick Miller

Claude Mythos and the OT Threat Horizon: What Utility Operators Need to Know Now

Anthropic's Claude Mythos can autonomously discover zero-day vulnerabilities across every major OS and browser, and the same codebases run in OT/SCADA environments. This post breaks down why Mythos-class AI exploitation tools directly implicate utility operators, which NERC CIP obligations are already in play, and what actions defenders should take before the patch window closes.

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ERO CMEP 2026: Oversight in the Age of Transformation
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

ERO CMEP 2026: Oversight in the Age of Transformation

The Electric Reliability Organization’s (ERO) 2026 Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Program Implementation Plan (CMEP) signals a new era in how risk-based oversight keeps pace with a rapidly transforming grid. Released in October, the plan refines NERC’s compliance priorities for the coming year, retiring Incident Response as a distinct risk element and introducing Grid Transformation as a central theme.

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Closing the Gaps: FERC Order 912 and the Future of Supply Chain Risk Management
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

Closing the Gaps: FERC Order 912 and the Future of Supply Chain Risk Management

FERC Order 912 marks a shift in supply chain cybersecurity for the Bulk-Power System. It directs NERC to strengthen supply chain protections by closing gaps in risk identification, reassessment, and response, and by extending coverage to Protected Cyber Assets. Vendor data validation is encouraged but not mandated, and NERC has 18 months to deliver new or revised standards.

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Securing Tomorrow’s Grid: FERC Acts on Low Impact, Virtualization, and Supply Chains
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

Securing Tomorrow’s Grid: FERC Acts on Low Impact, Virtualization, and Supply Chains

FERC’s September 2025 actions reshaped grid reliability standards by tightening security requirements for low-impact assets, adding authentication, encryption, and monitoring; new requirements and new definitions to support secure adoption of virtualization technologies; and expanding supply chain protections to cover Protected Cyber Assets and other connected systems.

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FERC’s New Proposed Rule on Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM)
Policy Pulse Patrick Miller Policy Pulse Patrick Miller

FERC’s New Proposed Rule on Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM)

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has released a new Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) under Docket No. RM24-4-000, focusing on supply chain risk management (SCRM) for the Bulk-Power System (BPS). This proposed directive aims to fill critical gaps in existing NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards and bolster the defenses of our nation’s critical infrastructure.

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